The Horrifying Shower Scene in Alfred Hitchcocks Film,...

In this essay I will be doing a close analysis on the famous shower scene in Alfred Hitchcock’s Psycho, 1960. I will be looking at the mise-en-scà ¨ne, performance, cinematography, editing, and the manipulation of sound. I will also be looking at themes that are explored in the film and what messages they convey to the audience. I will be using some theories to help analyze this particular sequence. At the beginning of the clip we can see the Marion flushing pieces of paper down the toilet in a close up shot. Diegetic sound of the flushing is used. The close up reveals that the pieces of paper were a key prop in the film and the audience is left wondering why the Marion has disposed the paper. This suggests that Hitchcock has used a red herring because the audience may assume she has done this because the paper may have had evidence that would prove that she is guilty of something. This also creates an enigma because we suspect that she has a secret hat she is keeping. Enigmas and red herrings are usually found in thriller films to create mystery and tension. The Sound before the Marion get’s into the shower is very quiet as we only hear non-diegetic music that slowly builds up to frightening slow pace music which creates tension for the audience as it notifies us that something is about to happen. When the scene moves to Marion being in the shower the music stops and you can just hear the sound of the shower when it comes on. We can see that the shower curtains areShow MoreRelatedSuspense and Tension in film Psycho Essay1441 Words   |  6 PagesSuspense and Tension in film Psycho Alfred Hitchcock 1960 horror film  ´Psycho` is one of the most celebrated and scary films of its time. Hitchcock’s psychological thriller, psycho was and still is the mother of all modern day horrors. It cost Hitchcock around $800,000 to make the film. Psycho broke all film conventions by showing a leading lady having a lunch time affair in her underwear and also in the shower scene it was rejected on the grounds of nudity but was laterRead MoreThe Simplest Form, By Francois Truffaut2158 Words   |  9 PagesIn the simplest form, an â€Å"auteur† is the author of a film in which who writes and directs their own films and which are usually very unique. The word auteur originated in France and is the outline for an abstract approach to film making where as the director is seen as the central artistic force in a motions picture. The word auteur was introduced in France during the late 1940’s founded by Franà §ois Truffaut who was a French director turned Auteur however Andre Basin would be categorized as the â€Å"father

Japan and Globalization - 963 Words

Japan, home of some of the largest multinational technology corporations in the world, has been influenced in myriad ways through globalization. The effects of globalization on Japan provide valuable insights into the transformation of Japanese society. Global processes have increased wages and homelessness, strengthened environmental management programs, shifted governance towards regionalism, and threatened linguistic diversity in Japan. Numerous studies on Japan’s economy provide both the positive and negative effects of globalization. Nakamura (2013) used Japanese wage censuses from 1998, 2000, and 2002 to explore the effects of inward and outward foreign direct investment (FDI) on the wages of Japanese workers in manufacturing†¦show more content†¦86). Many politicians and economists regard neoliberalism as the key to national economic growth. Japan’s move towards neoliberalism-orientated regionalism follows the current trends of globalization. The use of English in Japanese society challenges the traditional view of English as a lingua franca. Kubota and McKay (2009) investigated the role of English in Hasu (a pseudonym), a small Japanese community with non-English-speaking immigrants from Brazil, China, Peru, Korea, Thailand, and other countries, by evaluating the results of a community survey on diversity and interviewing five Japanese individuals (p. 593). They found that an attachment to English could reinforce the superiority of native speakers and deprive English learners of their willingness to communicate with others in other languages (Kubota McKay, 2009, p. 612). The process of globalization entails the interconnectedness of people across the world. In this instance, the use of English acts as a boundary to cultural and linguistic understanding and divides people instead of connecting them together. Seargeant (2005) finds that the influx of loanwords and the decorative use of English in media and advertising act s as a boundary between Japan and the world because of its unfamiliar use (p. 318). Japan has essentially co-opted English and transformed it into a language that native English speakers find strange. The proliferation of EnglishShow MoreRelatedThe Effect of Globalization on Japan630 Words   |  3 Pages I will analyze the effects of globalization on Japan’s culture, worldview, population, environment, and environment. I will consider both the direct and indirect effects of globalization on Japan’s native and foreign inhabitants. My analysis will not be restricted to any specific geographic region of Japan; I will highlight issues that have widespread implications across Japan’s myriad prefectures. By merging two datasets from 2000, Cole, Elliot, and Shimamoto measured fourteen indicators ofRead MoreImpact Of Globalization On The Economy Of Japan992 Words   |  4 PagesDean and Guevara, 2001 Reshaping the economy of Japan was characterised by the growth of non-regular employees, workforce diversity and the decaying life-long employment system. Renaissance of global labour movement was strongly supported by Japanese Trade Union Movement. Strategic interference of the union is dominant in developing industries of Information Technology and tele communications. Japan exercises influence on the developing countries of Asia. Availability of cheap labour in Asia implementedRead MorePG Japan: the Sk-Ii Globalization Project1692 Words   |  7 Pagesfactors that need to be considered when deciding recommendations to the GLT of SK-II. Being that this is PG’s first proposal to build a Japanese brand worldwide, it is important to take into consideration different cultures than of the consumers in Japan. Since 2005, PGs global organization has been in the middle of a restructuring program, which can sometimes cause a disruption to the normal functions of the company. Local managers resisted the surfacing of new products based on the possibleRead MorePG Japan: Sk-Ii Globalization1032 Words   |  5 Pagesdecision on current resources and capabilities to effectively maintain profitability. In analyzing the three options of Chinese expansion, European roll-out, and further growth of Japanese market, PG should continue to concentrate its efforts in Japan to further penetrate and grow its share (only 3% of a $10 billion beauty market). There are a number of factors under consideration when analyzing and weighing business opportunities for each of the three markets. In the first stage of this analysisRead MorePG Japan the Sk-Ii Globalization Project2059 Words   |  9 PagesGMBA 5075 International Management Case 5-2 - Pamp;G Japan: The SK-II Globalization Project Group Report Due date: 12/03/12 By: Wendy Rodriguez Francisco Oliveira Francisco Andujar Yichen Li Intro: This case describes how SK-II which is a fast-growing skin care product is becoming very popular with a price to match its performance. After being introduced in Hong Kong and in Taiwan, Pamp;G believes that this brand has a strong global potential. At the conclusion of this case, theRead MorePG Japan the Sk-Ii Globalization Project3489 Words   |  14 PagesPG Japan: The SK-II Globalization Project When looking at the archetype of PG it can be seen that it is an Multi Centred MNE. Which consists of a set of entrepreneurial subsidiaries abroad which are key to knowledge-based FSA development. National responsiveness is the foundation of the international strategy. The non-location bound FSAs that hold these firms together are minimal: common financial governance and the identity and specific business interest of the founders or main owners. LaterRead MoreEssay on GLT task1887 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is globalization? Globalization, â€Å"refers to processes of international integration arising from the interchange of world views, products, ideas, and other aspects of culture† (Merriam-Webster, 2014). Since the 1980’s the impact of globalization has been on the rise. Western cultures are bringing about new ways of culture while indigenous people are modifying their traditional ways to western civilization. I will be discussing two non-western cultures and the effects of globalization. TheRead MoreCross Culture Perspectives: Wal-Mart924 Words   |  4 Pagesinternationally as well, touching base in countries such as Japan and China. It is a popular supercenter that is located worldwide. Wal-Mart is the largest retailer and the largest company in the history of the world due to globalization and this due to the way they conduct business operations. Wal-Mart management has implement ways to overcom e the challenges that are presented the ethical and social responsibilities in regards to globalization. This paper will present a breakdown analysis onRead MoreDoes Globalization Affect Our Culture Identity?845 Words   |  4 Pagesgroup or individuals, and globalization is a process between international nations, companies by international trade and investment. Culture identity and globalization are connected to each other because globalization has been developed remarkably throughout the past decants, so as the result globalization has been impacted each and every single cultures and nation. Therefore we as human would started to think does globalization threaten our culture identity. Globalization makes our life more convenientRead MoreGloalization and Its Effect on Non- Western Cultures758 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is globalization and what affect does this have on Non-Western cultures? Merrim-Websters dictionary defines globalization as, â€Å"the development of an increasingly integrated global economy marked especially by free trade, free flow of capital, and the tappi ng of cheaper foreign labor markets†. When identifying the pieces of globalization, outsourcing may be the first thing that comes to mind. However, globalization and modernization are larger than outsourcing alone. In this paper we will

The Age Of Reason Essay - 1455 Words

Cathy Bui Professor Nengo Anthropology March 10 2015 Age of Reason Essay In the book The Age Of Reason by Thomas Paine is about the knowledge of inquiring religious establishments and their own doctrines. He wants the audience to think about the common gumptions that can be seen and describe as a substantiation of a god, for instance from Christianity, Judaism, and Islam. He calls for higher reasoning, a person who rejects the scriptures in the bibles that says we are pretending to use the words of the god. Paine doesn’t believe or agree with system of religion because in the religious churches they are trying to monopolize the power and make profit, The words of what the gods are trying to say is redundant and is nothing but just†¦show more content†¦(24) Paine lets us know that first and foremost, the writers were not hearing or seeing of the things they were familiar with or they would have related to them without those contradictions. Therefore, the books has yet to be composed by a persons named Apostles. Furthermore, he says that the writers have no learning to purposeful inconvenience yet every writers independently and exclusively for himself, and without the information of the others. (168) Paine says that the contradictions main problem is the thought of a man can attach to the name of God, is of a first reason for all things. It is troublesome for a man to imagine what a first cause is, whether he touches base at the conviction of it distrusting it. It is hard to imagine that space can have no end however it is more hard to consider an end. It is troublesome for a man to consider an endless term of what we call time yet it is difficult to imagine a period when there might be no time. (47). He uses empirical falsehood by expressing that if the convictions of errors are not bad, it is a mans moral duty to remove and replace it.. There is no moral sickness in accepting the earth was flat, any more than there was moral goodness that it is a round as a globe, there wasn’t any more ill in believing that the people that made the world how it is, if there was moreShow MoreRelated Age of reason Essay1294 Words   |  6 Pages The Age of Reason was a period in time during the 18th century in Europe and America when man become enlightened by reason, science, and humanity. The people involved with the Age of Reason were convinced that human reason could discover the natural laws of the universe, the natural rights of mankind, and the progress in knowledge. Each philosopher had his own ideas and theories about the world, nature, and human beings in general, and every philosopher wrote many essays and books about their ownRead MoreThe Age of Reason Essay921 Words   |  4 PagesCesaire’s essay deals with the European hypocrisy that has existed for many years throughout European history. Cesaire studied liberal ideas that had sprouted in the Enlightenment period or the Age of Reason, a time where many new ideas sprang up. Reason was used to guide the actions of people and nations; no longer was religion the main force. Science became extremely important because it provided answers to questions. With the Enlightenment came ideas of liberalism. Before the Age of Reason monarchiesRead MoreAge of Reason Essay1041 Words   |  5 PagesAge of Reason Essay In the book Age Of Reason, Tomas shares his and analysis on religion, mainly the, Christian and church. There is no the great and influence that these three have had on the of societies the. Pain argues that, to develop and hierarchy in and, have made up all religions. The churches do this by an authoritative truth about life that is in books that have been written by people on the word of authoritative truth is the only truth for those who truly faith in such, and to challengeRead More Age Of Reason Essay988 Words   |  4 Pagesas the Age of Reason discovered many knew inventions and advancements to improve the quality of life. When experimented with, these advantages brought forth knew ideas to extraordinary people who forever changed the way we look at life. Although many people found these discoveries to bring a great revival to mankind, others rejected these new improvements and felt as if they were defying god. These years were full of discoveries, conflicts, and new visions that of the world. The age of reason broughtRead More An Age of Reason, An Age of Passion Essay1147 Words   |  5 PagesAn Age of Reason, An Age of Passion The period following the Renaissance focused the human attention toward the beauty of nature. It was man’s turn to be part of the nature and not the other way around. The term picturesque—or â€Å"compared to a picture† as Michael Woods defines it — defines new characteristics of the art from this period. This period, â€Å"An Age of Reason, An Age of Passion,† had a dual nature—rational, responsive to reason, but also anti-rational, responsive to emotion. â€Å"MakingRead More Age of Reason Essay example1161 Words   |  5 Pages An Age of Reason â€Å"Those who can make you believe absurdities can make you commit atrocities.† This brief quotation was spoken by the famous writer and philosopher Voltaire; I believe it vaguely points out that some people are full of absurd ideas, and for others to follow such nonsense is foolish. The quote is just a taste of Voltaire’s wisdom and knowledge of the world, during the Age of Reason. The Age of Reason or The Enlightenment is defined as a change in not just a way of thinkingRead MoreThe Age of Reason and Revolution Essay810 Words   |  4 PagesThe Age of Reason and Revolution Many individuals that lived in the period of time known as the Age of Reason, discovered many new inventions and advancements to improve the quality of life. Some of these advantages brought fourth new ideas to extraordinary people who forever changed the way we look at life. Although many people found these discoveries to bring great revival to mankind, others rejected these new improvements and felt as if they were defying god. TheseRead More Ages of Faith, Reason, and Romantics Essay880 Words   |  4 PagesAges of Faith, Reason, and Romantics Works Cited Missing The first three time periods in American literature had distinguishing characteristics in their subject matter and writing styles. Puritans wrote about their religious beliefs and daily life during the Age of Faith. During the Age of Reason, the Revolutionary War was going on and much of the writings were political documents as a result of the war. The Age of Romantics brought about the first fictional writings. The three time periodsRead MoreEssay on Analysis of The Age of Reason by Thomas Paine683 Words   |  3 PagesThroughout â€Å"The Age of Reason,† Thomas Paine gives several examples for why he is opposed to Christianity. Before I began reading this essay, I was absolutely positive that I was going to disagree with every point that Paine had to make and every opinion that he expressed. It did not take long for me to realize that I had made the wrong assumption. There was more than one occasion while reading â€Å"The Age of Reason† that I discovered I actually agreed with Paines opinion/belief. This encouraged meRead More Was The Enlightenment Really The Age of Reason? Essay1569 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Reason does not work instinctively, but requires trial, practice, and instruction in order to gradually progress from one level of insight to another† Immanuel Kant. Kant’s opinion of reason is that it is a force, which is ever-evolving and constantly building on previous insights. The Enlightenment is a historical period referring to the intellectual movement that swept across Europe in the 18th century. To tackle this question, I will be looking at two texts. The essays, ‘An Answer to the Question:

Commercial and Company Law

Questions: 1. Denise and Freda operate a busy caf in Melbournes inner east. They have been running the business together for 5 years and share profits equally. As the years progress, Denise and Freda notice that they do not have enough working capital to keep the caf running. Denise and Freda need to raise additional funds. Also, due to the slippery floors, there have been some customers that keep falling over and breaking their legs. Denise is really concerned about the liability for Denise and Freda. Denise and Freda are approached by Bruno who makes the best cakes in Melbourne. Bruno wants to work with Denise and Freda in the caf as the head pastry chef. Denise and Freda believe that if Bruno worked at the caf then his expertise in cake making will bring in more business for the caf. Denise and Freda come to visit your office and ask your legal advice to: a. What type of legal business structure is Denise and Freda currently operating? Provides reasons. b.Whether their current business structure is the most suitable for the caf or whether they should consider another form of business structure, and, if so, which one? 2. The board of The Best Coffee Ltd (TBC Ltd), a large coffee bean company listed on the Australian Stock Exchange, comprised of four directors, three of whom are executive directors and one of whom is a non-executive director: Brendan is the managing director of TBC Ltd. He has been on the board of TBC Ltd for several years. Stephen is a chartered accountant and is the Chief Financial Officer at TBC Ltd and is an executive director of TBC Ltd. David is an executive director of the board who has substantial experience in the coffee bean industry. Jane is a non-executive director who barely attends board meetings and is a hairdresser. The board of TBC Ltd has recently entered into a number of investments, including a new coffee bean factory, and some investments which have been losing large sums of money. At a board meeting in March 2016, the board considered the companys financial statements relating to the loss making investments. The financial statements were negligently prepared and showed a profit instead of a loss. These financial statements were prepared by Stephen. During the board meeting, Stephen failed to tell the directors about the loss and David failed to ask any questions about the financial statements, and Jane (as per usual) was absent from the meeting. Due to time constraints, Brendan failed to read the financial statements, believing that Stephen would discuss the statements with him if there were any important matters that required his attention. The board of directors do not identify the mistake and authorise further investment in the loss making business ventures. By May 2016, TBC Ltd is insolvent. Discuss any liability of the directors of Alex Ltd in relation to these events. What are the consequences, if any of a breach of the Corporations Act? Refer to relevant legislative provisions and case law in your answer. 3. Rick purchased two shares in Shoes R Us Pty Ltd for $50,000. Shoes R Us Pty Ltd makes and builds customised shoes which they manufacture and sell to retail stores. Rick, now a non-executive director of Shoes R Us, is unhappy with the state of affairs of the company. The following occurred: Shoes R Us Pty Ltd revenue has increased 300% Rick has received no dividends to date and Rachel and Tanya, the two executive directors of Shoes R Us Pty Ltd, have decided to pay no dividends this year. Rachel and Tanya have voted themselves a large pay rise and bonus. Rachel and Tanya have arranged for Shoes R Us Pty Ltd, to lease two expensive cars for their exclusive use. Rick attends his first directors meeting and questions the dividend policy and asks that he objection to the lease of the cars be recorded. Tanya and Rachel decide to remove Rick from the board. They hold a members meeting and remove Rick from the board. Advise Rick as to his rights as a shareholder/member. Answers: (1). a). Demise and Freda operated a busy caf in Melbourne. They have been running the business together for 5 years and have shared the profits of the business equally. In the recent years, they have noted a downfall in their business and have realized they lack in capital for the safe running of their business. Demise was worried about the business capital of his caf and wanted to expand the running business of his caf. Bruno approached Demise and Freda and wanted to work in their caf as the head pastry chef. Demise and Freda believe that if they work with Bruno they might be able to make their business profitable and successful. Based on the facts, the question that arises here is what type of legal business structure does Denise and Freda is currently opening? Before operating a business, it is important for individuals to consider the advantages and disadvantages of the business structures. It is important for people to understand the different kinds of businesses that are operating in Australia and to make use of the best of them. The most common type of business structures are: Company Sole Trader Partnership Trust Denise and Freda are currently operating a partnership firm. In this kind of association, people come together to carry on a business as partners and receive the income from their business jointly[1]. An association of partnership is cheap to set up and easy to operate. In a partnership firm, the management and control of the business is shared between the partners of the firm. The partners are held liable for the debts and obligations of the business. For a business to be executed as partnership business the names of the partners should be registered under the ASIC. It is better to keep a partnership business as formal; however, this may not be necessary[2]. b). A partnership business is when; two or more persons come together with the purpose of, doing business together and to obtain profit out of the given structure. The partners of a given firm have similar goals and they come together to ensure that the aims and objectives of the business are met. In the same way, Denise and Freda are also doing a partnership business. In most cases, a partnership business is considered as the best kind of business and it has the best kind of features that are associated with it. A partnership business is generally of two types, a partners limited by liabilities and a partnership that is not limited by liabilities[3]. A partnership that is limited with liabilities is one of the best kinds of legal business structure[4]. Keeping in mind the current scenario of Denise and Freda, the best kind of business structure that should be followed by them is partnership that is limited by liabilities[5]. A partnership that is limited by liabilities is generally a type of structure wherein the partners come together to conduct a business and have their own personal liability that is restricted to the type of investment they have incurred in their business structure. They are therefore, liable only for the part they have invested their money. Initially, Denise and Freda were a part of a general partnership business where they were equally liable for the management of the business and both of them did not have any restraints as far as the obligations were concerned. A partnership firm that is limited by liability has many advantages over all other kind of business structure, first this kind of liability is capped, meaning that the liabilities of each of the partners are restricted to the amount of they have invest ed in their business. Secondly, none of the partners have any personal liability; they are restrained to the companys liability. A partnership that is limited by liability provides protection to the assets of the shareholders. The shareholders before investing their money have an assurance that their personal assets are safe and secure. Additionally, the benefit of a company that is limited by liability is that there are associated tax benefits. The benefit is that the company as a whole does not have to file taxes; in fact, the partners depending on their liability are liable for the payment of their taxes. The flexibility of a firm that is limited with liability is one of the most defining characteristic of this kind of firm. The partners in this kind of firm have the ability to decide the amount of contribution they want to make as a partner in the business. The partners in the business are under no obligation to attend meetings or consultations. Hence, this is the best kind of b usiness structure that shall be suited for Denise and Fredas business. It will help them in making their business profitable and successful[6]. (2). Issue: The Best Coffee Bean Ltd is a larger coffee bean company and is listed in the Australian Stock Exchange. The Board of Directors consisted of four directors out of which three were executive directors and one of them was a non-executive director. The company had recently entered into a many investments and it was noted that some of the investments have been losing large sums of money. At a board meeting in March 2016, the board considered the companys financial statements relating to the loss making investments. The financial statements of the company were prepared in a very negligent manner and it reported false details of the companys investment. Instead of focusing on the loss of the company, the company proceeded with further investments making more loss, which made the company insolvent. Based on the facts, the issue that arises here is, whether the directors and the chief financial officer were liable for the insolvency of the company or not. Relevant Rules and Legislations: The directors are the people who manage the working of the company in behalf of the shareholders of the company. Section 198 (A) of the Corporations Act states that it is the responsibility of the director to manage and control the general working of the organization. The directors shall be responsible for the carrying out of certain responsibilities and duties. The duties of the directors are contained in the Corporations Act, 2001[7]. The term director has been defined under section 9 of the Corporations Act, 2001. The terms such as de facto director and shadow director is contained in this section. The non- executive directors are considered as good as the other directors of the company[8]. The non-executive directors of the company govern the organization along with the other directors of the company. The executive as well as the non-executive directors of the company have similar requirements that should be met as part of the Corporations Act, 2001[9]. As per the Higgs Review of the United Kingdom non-executive directors mean, Custodians of the governance process. Sections 180 to 183 of the Corporations Act, 2001, deals with the duties of the directors. According to section 180 of the Corporations Act, it is the duty of the director to act with care and diligence concerning the duties of the directors[10]. This means that at the time of discharging their duties the directors should exercise their basic sense of care and diligence. Section 181 of the Corporations Act talks about the director acting in good faith, this means that the director of the company should exercise their duties in such a way that it avoids conflicts of interest between the members of the company. Furthermore, the directors of the company, in case of any conflicts, should be able to manage the conflicts in an efficient and effective way. This is the fiduciary duty of the director that is considered as part of their duty imposed by legislation and general law of the company[11]. Sectio n 182 of the Corporations Act imposes restrictions on the directors for the misuse of their position. The director should not take undue advantage of their position and should not use it for their personal gain or power of interests. It is the duty of the director to use his powers in such a way, which does not cause detriment to the working of the company. It is the duty of the director to use the given information in a proper way and not to use any information for his or her personal advantage or for the detriment to the working of the company[12]. This is enumerated in section 183 of the Corporations Act, 2001. Other than the statutory obligations, that governs the working of the director, the directors are also bound by the Federal or State laws which imposes liability on the directors for the health and occupational safety of the employees or members of the company or laws that are related to the environmental law or taxation law of the given country. The directors of a company have special duties at a time when a company is declared insolvent. Section 588G of the Corporations Act, 2001 imposes obligations on the directors of the company to prevent a company from becoming insolvent. A company is declared as insolvent when the it is unable to pay debts or falls in a situation where there is a likelihood that the company shall not pay its debts. Section 588M of the Corporations Act, 2001 entitles a creditor to hold a director responsible if the company has been declared insolvent due to breach of the duties of the director. In the case of New South Wales in International Greetings UK Ltd v. Stansfield[13], the Court held that when the Company wants to be reinstated then the procedure for the final winding of the company should not have been completed. If the liquidator has completed the process of winding up of the company then the company cannot be registered again. Additionally, the directors of the company also have obligations related to the financial r eporting of the company. The Chartered Accountant of the company prepares the financial reports of the company that is checked by the directors of the company. It is the duty of the director to have appropriate skill, competence for checking that the financial reports of the company is properly stated, and that it does not contain any faulty or wrong statements. Section 295A of the Corporations Act, 2001, deals with the declaration that is given by the CEO and the CFO of the Company. The directors have to ensure that such a declaration does not contain any faulty or wrong statement and that the statements are true with regard to the reports of the company. This is a very essential process in a company as, if a report is wrongly stated that the company might be declared as insolvent[14]. Application: In the given scenario, Brendan, Stephen, David and Jane shall be liable for breach of duty as a director under the Corporations Act. The negligent and the careless attitude of all the directors have led to the insolvency of the company and the creditors and the stakeholders of the company can hold the directors of the company liable for breach of the general duties and breach of their duties concerning the proper reporting of the financial statements of the company. Stephen can be held liable under Section 295A of the Corporations Act, 2001 for preparing the financial reports in a negligent manner. Jane can be held liable under sections 180 to 183 of the Corporations Act, 2001 for not complying with the general duties and not taking interest in the general working of the business TBC. He may also be held liable for the breach of fiduciary duties as a director. Brendan shall also be held liable for breaching his general duties, as he did not recheck the financial statements of the com pany correctly and because of this, the company was declared as insolvent[15]. Conclusion: In case of breach of duties of the directors, the following remedies may be available to the person who suffered loss or damage due to the breach of the duties of the directors; they are as follows: Injunction Damages or compensation Restoration of the property of the company Rescission of contract Accounts of profit[16] Therefore, the creditors may file a suit against the directors of the company for any of the above-mentioned remedies. (3). Issue: Rick has purchased two shares in Shoes R Us Pty Ltd for $50,000. Rick is a non-executive director; however, he is unhappy with the current affairs of the company. Rick has received no dividends this year and Rachael and Tanya have decided that they would not pay the dividends to the shareholders this year. It was noted that Rachael and Tanya were making use of the benefits of the company for their personal use and they were continuously breaching their rights as a director. Based on the facts, the issue that arises here is, whether Rick has any rights as a shareholder against the directors of the company. Relevant Rules and Procedure: Section 1.5.6 of the Corporations Act, 2001, deals with the shares and shareholders of the company[17]. A shareholder of the company has many rights and powers in a company related to the exchange in the company. A shareholder is considered as a part owner of the company. A shareholder is considered as a legal entity of the company. Companies should have at least one shareholder in the company and they have the right to hold up to fifty shares in the company. The general rule is that, because of the investment that a shareholder holds in a company they receive equivalent rights in the company[18]. Generally, many companies have one only one class of share but in Australia a shareholder can hold many other classes of share. A shareholder enjoys the following rights in the company: firstly, the shareholder of the company has voting rights on specific issues such as election of a director or dismissal of the director (sections250E, 254A--254B)[19]. Secondly, shareholders have the right to transfer their ownership to some other person. However, a restriction is imposed in such a situation. The shareholders of the company have the right to receive reports and announcements. The shareholders of the company have the right to receive dividends and other distribution (sections1091D--1091E)[20]. A company is entitled to pay dividend twice a year and shareholdings come with franking credits. Shareholders of the company are entitled to receive dividends from the company. This is a very important right of the shareholder and they are entitled to receive it after it from the company. Part 2F. 1A of the Act has given the right to the shareholders to bring an action against the directors or against the company[21]. Application: In this case, Rick can hold the directors liable for breaching their general duties under sections 180 until 183 of the Act. An action may be brought by the shareholder against the directors for the breach of their duty or the shareholders against the company for claiming the compensation that they are liable to receive may bring an action. In the same way, Rick as a legal shareholder of the company may bring an action against the directors of Shoes R Us Pty Ltd. Additionally, Rick may also file a suit against the director for injunction, compensation or rescission of the shareholders right. Conclusion: The rights and powers of the shareholders of the company are related to the voice they have in the running of the company. However, the rights of the shareholder differ from one company to the other company and depends to the class of shares that each of the shareholders hold. There are related differences depending on the percentage of shares they hold in the company[22]. 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